Collaboration Teams - Members share responsibility for posting refined answers to the guided readings - succinct, relevant, clear, and with pictures or a video to compliment.
When contributing to the reading guide, follow these steps: 1) First complete the reading guide on your own from the cells unit page. 2) Write your response to a question in word and then copy it. Be sure to upload pictures and/or video for each question. 3) Click on the edit button and then go to the appropriate question and paste your answer below it.Sign your contribution with your first name and last initial and TEAM COLOR 4) Scroll to the very bottom and in the Optional comment box, place a summary of what you did and sign it (e.g. "I answered chp 26 question 3" - Tom S.) Th en click Save.
Blue
Purple
Green
Pink
Yellow
Orange
Red
16-19
14-15, 20
11-13
9-10,
6-8, 21
4-5,
1-3,
1. Label the diagram below. -- The Red Team
2. Explain the experiment reasoning that Van Niel used to understand photosynthesis. He noticed that some bacteria use CO2 as fuel but did not release O2 and some plants used H2S as a fuel and produced S as a byproduct. From that observation, he figured that H is used directly in photosynthesis. He then generalized that conclusion to say that plants split H2O during photosynthesis, using H and releasing O2.
-The Red Team Van Niel suggested that bacteria in photosynthetic organisms splits H2S and uses hydrogen atoms to make sugar. He was also the first to hypothesize that plants split H2O as a source of electrons from hydrogen atoms, releasing O2 as a byproduct. – The Red Team
3. Use the diagram to label and identify the two broad stages of photosynthesis. The two stages of photosynthesis are light reactions and the Calvin Cycle. Light reactions occur within the thylakoids and the Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma. The light reactions create ATP and NADPH, which are used by the Calvin Cycle which also brings in carbon to produce sugar. --The Red Team
4. What is carbon fixation? Carbon fixation is any process through which gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into a solid compound. It is a process normally found in autotrophs, usually driven by photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide is changed into sugars like glucose.
Jim Raciti
5. What is a photon?
picture please
A photon is when light behaves as though it consists of discrete particles, but they act like objects in that each of them has a fixed quantity of energy. The amounts of energy that they have is inversely related to the wavelength of the light; the shorter the wavelength the greater the energy of each photon of that light.
Jim Raciti
6. Why are leaves green?
The chlorophyll molecules of chloroplasts absorb violet-blue and red light while transmitting and reflecting green light. This is because the chlorophyll is a pigment.
-Corinne
7. Describe Engelmann’s experiment and explain its results.
Engelmann illuminated a filamentous alga with light that had been passed through a prism, exposing different segments of the alga to different wavelengths. He then used aerobic bacteria, which concentrate near an oxygen source, to determine which segments of the alga were releasing the most oxygen and photosynthesizing the most. He found that bacteria congregated in greatest numbers around the parts of the alga illuminated with violet-blue and red light. Therefore, these two colors were concluded to be the most effective in driving photosynthesis.
-Corinne
8. What is the difference between an absorption spectra and action spectrum?
Absorption spectra plot a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength. This graph uses a spectrophotometer, which directs beams of light of different wavelengths through a solution of the pigment and measures the fraction of the light transmitted.
The action spectrum confirms the results of the absorption spectrum by profiling the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving the process. It does this by illuminating chloroplasts with light of different colors and then plotting wavelength against some measure photosynthetic rate.
-Corinne
9. What happens to chlorophyll when it is hit by light? How does this relate to potential energy? When chlorophyll is hit by light the colors corresponding to the absorbed wavelengths disappear, but energy cannot. When a molecule absorbs a photon of lights, one of the electrons has more potential energy.
-Amanda
10. Identify the following parts of a photosystem:
a. Photosystem The reaction center surrounded by light harvesting complexes
b. Light harvesting complex Consists of pigment molecules (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) bound to proteins
c. Reaction center Protein complex including two chlorophyll a molecules and primary electron acceptor
d. Primary electron acceptor Accepts electrons from the chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center
alyssa c (pink team)
11. What are the steps in noncyclic electron flow in photosynthesis?
12. What is cyclic electron flow?
Why does this happen?
Cyclic electron flow is a route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen.
-Shayne
13. Use the diagram below to assist – but also write a response – compare and contrast chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
clip_image002_Q_13_photo
14. Use the diagram below to summarize the activities in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Zack B
15. Describe and explain the overall purpose of the Calvin cycle and each phase listed below:
Calvin cycle-consumes ATP as energy to consume NADPH as reducing power for adding high energy electrons to make sugar from simpler molecules Carbon fixation-uses CO2 molecules one at a time. Enzyme catalyzing this step is rubisco, adds a five carbon sugar which then splits in half later Reduction-each molecule of the carbonreceives a phosphate group from ATP Regeneration-carbon skeletons of five molecules of G3P are rearranged into three molecules of RuBP and uses three more molecules to do so which allows it to be ready for CO2 again
Zack B 16. Label the diagram below of the Calvin Cycle. Brian, Illian, Jordan and the Blue Team 17. What is a plant’s most valuable resource and why did plants need to evolve adaptations for hot, arid climates?
Water… plants close their stomata to reduce photosynthetic yield by limiting access to CO2. This reduces water loss.
Brian, Illian, Jordan and the Blue Team 18. Why is photorespiration such a “waste”?
Photorespiration-- A metabolic pathway that on hot and sunny days. The stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds the carbon dioxide concentration. · Consumes oxygen gas · Releases Carbon dioxide · It generates no ATP · It decreases photosynthetic output F Oxygen substitutes for carbon dioxide in the active site of the enzyme Rubisco and the photosynthesis rate is decreased.
Brian, Illian, Jordan and the Blue Team 19. Use the diagram below to explain C4 plants.
please put in a summary narrative
Brian, Illian, Jordan and the Blue Team 20. What are CAM plants and what is their “advantage”?
made correction
CAM plants use the mode of carbon fixation called crassulacean acid metabolism. They store the organic acids they make during the night in their vacuoles until morning, when the stomata close. These organic acids supply Carbon in the calvin cycle. Laura C
21. Use the diagram below to summarize the activities of photosynthesis.
clip_image002_Q_21_photo
Light Reactions:
- Are carried out by molecules in the thylakoid membranes
- Convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
- Split H20 release O2 to the atmosphere
Calvin cycle reactions:
- Take place in the stroma
- Use ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to the sugar G3P
- Return ADP, inorganic phosphate, and NADP+ to the light reactions
When contributing to the reading guide, follow these steps:
1) First complete the reading guide on your own from the cells unit page.
2) Write your response to a question in word and then copy it. Be sure to upload pictures and/or video for each question.
3) Click on the edit button and then go to the appropriate question and paste your answer below it. Sign your contribution with your first name and last initial and TEAM COLOR
4) Scroll to the very bottom and in the Optional comment box, place a summary of what you did and sign it (e.g. "I answered chp 26 question 3" - Tom S.) Th en click Save.
1. Label the diagram below.
2. Explain the experiment reasoning that Van Niel used to understand photosynthesis.
He noticed that some bacteria use CO2 as fuel but did not release O2 and some plants used H2S as a fuel and produced S as a byproduct. From that observation, he figured that H is used directly in photosynthesis. He then generalized that conclusion to say that plants split H2O during photosynthesis, using H and releasing O2.
-The Red Team
Van Niel suggested that bacteria in photosynthetic organisms splits H2S and uses hydrogen atoms to make sugar. He was also the first to hypothesize that plants split H2O as a source of electrons from hydrogen atoms, releasing O2 as a byproduct. – The Red Team
3. Use the diagram to label and identify the two broad stages of photosynthesis.
4. What is carbon fixation?
Carbon fixation is any process through which gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into a solid compound. It is a process normally found in autotrophs, usually driven by photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide is changed into sugars like glucose.
Jim Raciti
5. What is a photon?
A photon is when light behaves as though it consists of discrete particles, but they act like objects in that each of them has a fixed quantity of energy. The amounts of energy that they have is inversely related to the wavelength of the light; the shorter the wavelength the greater the energy of each photon of that light.
Jim Raciti
6. Why are leaves green?
The chlorophyll molecules of chloroplasts absorb violet-blue and red light while transmitting and reflecting green light. This is because the chlorophyll is a pigment.
-Corinne
7. Describe Engelmann’s experiment and explain its results.
Engelmann illuminated a filamentous alga with light that had been passed through a prism, exposing different segments of the alga to different wavelengths. He then used aerobic bacteria, which concentrate near an oxygen source, to determine which segments of the alga were releasing the most oxygen and photosynthesizing the most. He found that bacteria congregated in greatest numbers around the parts of the alga illuminated with violet-blue and red light. Therefore, these two colors were concluded to be the most effective in driving photosynthesis.
-Corinne
8. What is the difference between an absorption spectra and action spectrum?
Absorption spectra plot a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength. This graph uses a spectrophotometer, which directs beams of light of different wavelengths through a solution of the pigment and measures the fraction of the light transmitted.
The action spectrum confirms the results of the absorption spectrum by profiling the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving the process. It does this by illuminating chloroplasts with light of different colors and then plotting wavelength against some measure photosynthetic rate.
-Corinne
9. What happens to chlorophyll when it is hit by light? How does this relate to potential energy?
When chlorophyll is hit by light the colors corresponding to the absorbed wavelengths disappear, but energy cannot. When a molecule absorbs a photon of lights, one of the electrons has more potential energy.
-Amanda
10. Identify the following parts of a photosystem:
a. Photosystem
The reaction center surrounded by light harvesting complexes
b. Light harvesting complex
Consists of pigment molecules (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) bound to proteins
c. Reaction center
Protein complex including two chlorophyll a molecules and primary electron acceptor
d. Primary electron acceptor
Accepts electrons from the chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center
alyssa c (pink team)
11. What are the steps in noncyclic electron flow in photosynthesis?
12. What is cyclic electron flow?
Cyclic electron flow is a route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen.
-Shayne
13. Use the diagram below to assist – but also write a response – compare and contrast chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
14. Use the diagram below to summarize the activities in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Zack B
15. Describe and explain the overall purpose of the Calvin cycle and each phase listed below:
Calvin cycle-consumes ATP as energy to consume NADPH as reducing power for adding high energy electrons to make sugar from simpler molecules
Carbon fixation-uses CO2 molecules one at a time. Enzyme catalyzing this step is rubisco, adds a five carbon sugar which then splits in half later
Reduction-each molecule of the carbon receives a phosphate group from ATP
Regeneration-carbon skeletons of five molecules of G3P are rearranged into three molecules of RuBP and uses three more molecules to do so which allows it to be ready for CO2 again
Zack B
16. Label the diagram below of the Calvin Cycle.
Brian, Illian, Jordan and the Blue Team
17. What is a plant’s most valuable resource and why did plants need to evolve adaptations for hot, arid climates?
Water… plants close their stomata to reduce photosynthetic yield by limiting access to CO2. This reduces water loss.
Brian, Illian, Jordan and the Blue Team
18. Why is photorespiration such a “waste”?
Photorespiration-- A metabolic pathway that on hot and sunny days. The stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds the carbon dioxide concentration.
· Consumes oxygen gas
· Releases Carbon dioxide
· It generates no ATP
· It decreases photosynthetic output
F Oxygen substitutes for carbon dioxide in the active site of the enzyme Rubisco and the photosynthesis rate is decreased.
Brian, Illian, Jordan and the Blue Team
19. Use the diagram below to explain C4 plants.
Brian, Illian, Jordan and the Blue Team
20. What are CAM plants and what is their “advantage”?
CAM plants use the mode of carbon fixation called crassulacean acid metabolism. They store the organic acids they make during the night in their vacuoles until morning, when the stomata close. These organic acids supply Carbon in the calvin cycle.
21. Use the diagram below to summarize the activities of photosynthesis.
Light Reactions:
- Are carried out by molecules in the thylakoid membranes
- Convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
- Split H20 release O2 to the atmosphere
Calvin cycle reactions:
- Take place in the stroma
- Use ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to the sugar G3P
- Return ADP, inorganic phosphate, and NADP+ to the light reactions